This initial district grew into the duchy of Austria. In 976, Leopold I of Babenberg became count of the Eastern March, a district centered on the Danube on the eastern frontier of Bavaria. Irish Benedictines founded twelfth-century monastic settlements evidence of these ties persists in the form of Vienna's great Schottenstift monastery (Scots Abbey), once home to many Irish monks. The Irish monk Saint Colman (or Koloman, Irish Colmán, derived from colm "dove") is buried in Melk Abbey and Saint Fergil ( Virgil the Geometer) served as Bishop of Salzburg for forty years. Overview of the Roman legion settlement Vindobona in the center of today's ViennaĬlose ties with other Celtic peoples continued through the ages. In 15 BC, the Romans fortified the frontier city they called Vindobona to guard the empire against Germanic tribes to the north. Early history Įvidence has been found of continuous habitation in the Vienna area since 500 BC, when Celts settled the site on the Danube. Slovene speakers call the city Dunaj, which in other Central European Slavic languages means the river Danube, on which the city stands.įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of Vienna. The name of the city in Hungarian ( Bécs), Serbo-Croatian ( Beč, Беч) and Ottoman Turkish ( Turkish: Beç) has a different, probably Slavonic origin, and originally referred to an Avar fort in the area. Īnother theory suggests the name comes from the Wends ( Old English: Winedas Old Norse: Vindr German: Wenden, Winden Danish: vendere Swedish: vender Polish: Wendowie Czech: Vendové) which is a historical name for Slavs living near Germanic settlement areas. A variant of this Celtic name could be preserved in the Czech, Slovak, Polish and Ukrainian names of the city ( Vídeň, Viedeň, Wiedeń and Відень respectively) and in that of the city's district Wieden. The Celtic word vindos may reflect a widespread prehistorical cult of Vindos, a Celtic deity who survives in Irish mythology as the warrior and seer Fionn mac Cumhaill. Others believe that the name comes from the Roman settlement name of Celtic extraction Vindobona, probably meaning "fair village, white settlement" from Celtic roots, vindo-, meaning "bright" or "fair" (as in the Irish fionn and the Welsh gwyn), and -bona "village, settlement". Some claim that the name comes from vedunia, meaning "forest stream", which subsequently produced the Old High German uuenia ( wenia in modern writing), the New High German wien and its dialectal variant wean. The etymology of the city's name is still subject to scholarly dispute. The English name Vienna is borrowed from the homonymous Italian name. See also: Names of European cities in different languages: U–Z § V The historic center of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque palaces and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks. It is well known for having played a pivotal role as a leading European music center, from the age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. Vienna's ancestral roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city. Vienna is also said to be the "City of Dreams" because it was home to the world's first psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud. Īdditionally, Vienna has been called the "City of Music" due to its musical legacy, as many famous classical musicians such as Beethoven and Mozart called Vienna home. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger. In 2001, the city center was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations, OPEC and the OSCE. Today, it is the second-largest German-speaking city after Berlin. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had two million inhabitants. It is the 6th-largest city proper by population in the European Union and the largest of all cities on the Danube river. Vienna is Austria's most populous city and its primate city, with about two million inhabitants (2.9 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of the country's population), and its cultural, economic, and political center. Vienna ( / v i ˈ ɛ n ə/ ( listen) vee- EN-ə German: Wien ( listen) Austro-Bavarian: Wean ) is the capital, largest city, and one of nine provinces of Austria.
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